Диссертации, представленные на защиту и подготовленные в НИУ ВШЭ

The dissertation examines three main aspects of urban development: the role of rail transport in subcentre formation and local employment growth; the ripple effect in housing price dynamics; and the mediating role of transport infrastructure in generating positive spatial externalities for labour productivity driven by the concentration of economic activity. Using data for the Paris agglomeration, it is shown that proximity to a railway station increases employment; the effect is stronger for RER stations and for communes located farther from the CBD. The presence of a station increases the probability that a municipality becomes a subcentre from 19.3% to 41.3%, and to 76.1% for RER stations; the effect does not extend beyond the commune boundaries. Using UK data, the ripple effect is confirmed: a price shock from London propagates to neighbouring regions with a lag; the South East responds more strongly, while northern England, Scotland and Northern Ireland respond more weakly. For the Saint Petersburg agglomeration, it is found that after applying instrumental variables, the direct agglomeration effect on labour productivity disappears, while transport accessibility remains significant. When public transport is taken into account, the positive effect of private transport weakens and becomes insignificant. A halving of average public transport travel time is associated with a 6.4% increase in labour productivity. The findings can be used to substantiate investment programmes in transport infrastructure and spatial development strategies.

Диссертационное исследование посвящено разработке и анализу моделей обслуживания трафика на пакетном уровне в миллиметровых и терагерцовых сетях 5G/6G. В работе предложены стохастическая модель состояния радиоканала на основе цепи Маркова, учитывающая блокировки сигнала и микромобильность, а также модель системы массового обслуживания, описывающая упаковку пакетов на MAC-уровне в транспортные блоки и их последующую передачу по радиоканалу. Разработанные модели позволяют оценивать среднюю задержку пакетов, вероятность переполнения MAC-буфера и влияние параметров среды, что может использоваться для выбора режимов работы сети и оптимизации распределения радиоресурсов. По результатам анализа установлено, что снижение доступности канала в IAB-сценариях, рост плотности блокаторов и увеличение расстояния до базовой станции существенно ухудшают показатели качества обслуживания, особенно при высоких битовых скоростях передачи данных. Показано, что в неблагоприятных условиях вероятность переполнения MAC-буфера может превышать 10 %, а высокая плотность блокаторов способна приводить к почти постоянному состоянию блокировки канала. Сравнение аналитических моделей с имитационным моделированием подтвердило корректность предложенного подхода и возможность его применения для оценки характеристик сетей 5G/6G.

This study investigates the impact of Central Bank interventions on the pricing dynamics of selectedfinancial markets. The research employs the instrumental variables two- and three-stage least square (TSLS) model approaches. It analyses the effects of variations in the Federal Reserve (Fed) and the European Central bank (ECB) balance sheet size as a proxy for their Unconventional Monetary Policy (UMP) across four distinct intervention scenarios: the 2008–2013 Great Recession, the 2010-2012 Sovereign Debt crisis, the 2020–2021 COVID-19 pandemic periods, and an overarching analysis spanning these timelines. The findings indicate that changes in the size of the Fed’s and the ECB’s balance sheet correlate significantly with the pricing of the principal U.S. and European equity market indices. Notably, while the ECB’s interventions during the COVID-19 crisis are associated with drops in the German treasury yields for a respective rise in the European equity prices, the effectson the U.S. treasury yields are inverse for the Fed’s interventions during the same period, although the top U.S. equity indices also rise, suggesting price distortions within each financial market analyzed. Other forms of Central Bank interventions such as that of the Swiss National Bank (SNB) on the Swiss franc before and after January of 2015 were also analyzed in this study. The findings suggest that unexpected large currency price shocks from the SNB currency dis-intervention of 2015may have long-term implications on the pricing of the debt market in Switzerland, such as widening the municipal bond spreads. All results in this study are found to be robust under the appropriate tests for each of the model specifications.

This dissertation examines the integration process of African migrants in Russia (Moscow). The African migrant community in Russia remains an understudied group among migrant communities in Russia. Though, African migrants constitute a small fragment of migrants’ community in Russia, their population within the Russian landscape is gradually increasing. Most of the academic research on African migrants have predominantly focused on student migrants without considering the gradual increase of labor migrants from Africa. According to the Russian statistics, as many labor migrants from Africa are arriving in Russia, many are also departing. This dissertation investigates the strategies employed by African migrants to cope with the challenges encountered in Russia and how this has facilitated their integration process. Using a qualitative research method, this research explores three context-based topics which include: sociability, housing market and labor market. Therefore, revealing the situations that African migrants are exposed to and how they have been able to adapt. Viewing these topics through the lenses of the African migrants, the research reveals individual and collective approaches of coping strategies employed by African migrants. Using the ‘thick skin’ and surrogate method are individual strategies used by African migrants to cope within the social arena while ethnic entrepreneurship is a coping strategy used in the economic environment. Drawing conclusions from in-depth interviews with labor migrants from African countries, much is learned about their experiences and how it has shaped their perceptions about their host country