2025/2026
Прикладная нейронаука: клеточно-молекулярные механизмы работы мозга
Статус:
Курс обязательный
Кто читает:
Институт когнитивных нейронаук
Где читается:
Институт когнитивных нейронаук
Когда читается:
3 модуль
Охват аудитории:
для всех кампусов НИУ ВШЭ
Язык:
английский
Кредиты:
3
Контактные часы:
32
Course Syllabus
Abstract
«Molecular Mechanisms of the Brain» is an elective course showing that the brain is the most important and sophisticated organ that, as “a conductor”, provides the regulation of the central and peripheral functions and the integration of the whole organism.
This module introduces the principles of functional neural networks, hierarchy, and interconnectivity. Key topics include the relationship between structure and function, the basis of consciousness, cognition, and behavior, and the brain as a dynamic information-processing organ.This course provides basic information on the cellular, genetic and molecular mechanisms of brain functioning in norm and their impairment in pathology.
The first part of the course is devoted to the analysis of the current concept of the structural and functional organization of the brain - from gene expression in individual neurons to behavior, which is the highlight of the Program “Brain Initiative Program”.
The module covers a range of techniques: from molecular and cellular methods (e.g., immunohistochemistry, genetic models) to electrophysiology, and advanced neuroimaging (MRI, fMRI, PET, DTI). Special emphasis is placed on how these tools are applied to study two opposing yet interconnected processes: the breakdown of neural circuits in neurodegeneration and the brain's remarkable capacity for adaptation and rewiring in neuroplasticity.
Particular attention is paid to the organization of neural networks that regulate specific functions by transmitting information from a neuron to a neuron via specialized contacts, the so-called synapses, using chemical signals, neurotransmitters.
Also the course highlights the translation of basic research into practical domains. We will investigate applications in neuromarketing and neuroeconomics (decision-making), neuroeducation (brain-based learning strategies), neuroergonomics, and the development of neurotechnologies such as brain-computer interfaces and neural prosthetics.
The second part of the course provides a detailed look at the neural substrates of sensory processing, motor control, memory, emotion, and higher-order cognitive functions (executive functions, language). We then explore brain development from embryogenesis through critical periods and aging, focusing on genetic programs, the role of experience, and regulatory mechanisms (e.g., neurotrophic factors, synaptic pruning).
The course is devoted to the evaluation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of brain degradation and its consequences for the functioning of the whole organism at aging, as well as at acute (trauma, stroke) and chronic (Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc.) brain diseases. In this context, particular attention is paid to the current insight into the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of the diseases. Throughout the course, it is emphasized that understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of brain functioning in norm and pathology is only possible when using a multidisciplinary approach to study it at different levels of organization, from isolated neurons (in vitro) to the entire brain (in vivo) using invasive and non-invasive methods.
Fundamental knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of brain diseases in accordance with the principles of translational medicine opens up unlimited possibilities for the development of innovative technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Thus, this course will serve to understand the cellular, genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying brain functioning in norm and pathology.